Health Inequality Monitor

Health Inequality Monitor

Explore health inequality monitoring evidence, tools, resources and training

Health Inequality Data Repository

Disaggregated data – which show how health or other aspects of life are experienced by people of different ages, economic status, education levels, place of residence, sex, and other characteristics – are a vital part of advancing equity.

Disaggregated data can serve as an evidence base for equity-oriented policies, programmes and practices that aim to close existing gaps and achieve good health and well-being for all.

The Health Inequality Data Repository contains datasets of disaggregated data covering diverse topics and dimensions of inequality, from a variety of publicly available data sources. It aims to make disaggregated data more accessible and navigable to diverse global audiences. 

Please note that some datasets are from external published sources and are therefore not WHO official estimates. Please refer to the Indicator Metadata for more information about the data. 

More information about the Health Inequality Data Repository is available here. 

Access datasets

Download the data in Excel (.xlsx) format using the links in the sections below or access the data programmatically using an API. 

API instructions

Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Development Goals

Indicators: 95  |  Countries/territories: 198  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators disaggregated by age, city, disability status, economic status, education, migratory status, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: UN Statistics SDG Indicators Database

WHO Global Health Observatory

WHO Global Health Observatory

Indicators: 138  |  Countries/territories: 197  |  Data extracted: March 2023

WHO health indicator estimates from the WHO Global Health Observatory disaggregated by age, economic status, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

COVID-19

COVID-19 burden, behaviours and testing (Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey)

Indicators: 12  |  Countries/territories: 109  |  Data extracted: April 2022

COVID-19 related indicators in the areas of disease burden, behaviours, beliefs and testing disaggregated by age, education, gender, health worker status and place of residence. Note: data are available monthly from May 2020 to March 2022. 

Original data source: University of Maryland Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (UMD-CTIS), in partnership with Facebook

COVID-19 vaccination (Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey)

Indicators: 17  |  Countries/territories: 109  |  Data extracted: April 2022

Indicators related to COVID-19 vaccination disaggregated by age, education, gender, health worker status and place of residence. Note: data are available monthly from May 2020 to March 2022. 

Original data source: University of Maryland Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (UMD-CTIS), in partnership with Facebook

COVID-19 related mental health and financial worry (Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey)

Indicators: 7  |  Countries/territories: 109  |  Data extracted: April 2022

COVID-19 related indicators in the areas of mental health and financial worry disaggregated by age, education, gender, health worker status and place of residence. Note: data are available monthly from May 2020 to March 2022. 

Original data source: University of Maryland Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey (UMD-CTIS), in partnership with Facebook

COVID-19 cases and deaths (WHO COVID-19 surveillance data)

Indicators: 2  |  Countries/territories: 130  |  Data extracted: March 2023

COVID-19 case and death rates per 100 000 population disaggregated by age and sex. Note: data are available weekly since January 2020.

Original data source: WHO COVID-19 Detailed Surveillance Data Dashboard

COVID-19 case fatality ratios (WHO COVID-19 surveillance data)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 111  |  Data extracted: March 2023

COVID-19 case fatality ratios disaggregated by age and sex. Note: data are available weekly since January 2020.

Original data source: WHO COVID-19 Detailed Surveillance Data Dashboard

Reproductive, maternal and child health

Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (household surveys)

Indicators: 69  |  Countries/territories: 137  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health indicators from household surveys disaggregated by age, birth order, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region. 

Original data sources:

  • Re-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) by the WHO Collaborating Center for Health Equity Monitoring (International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas).
  • The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API.
  • The UNICEF Data Warehouse.

Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 7  |  Countries/territories: 195  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health indicators from WHO estimates disaggregated by age and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Child malnutrition (UNICEF/WHO/World Bank)

Indicators: 5  |  Countries/territories: 140  |  Data extracted: May 2022

Child malnutrition estimates disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data source: UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates

Under-five mortality (UN IGME)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 194  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Under-five mortality rates disaggregated by economic status and sex. 

Original data source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME)

Subnational under-five mortality (UN IGME)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 22  |  Data extracted: September 2022

Under-five mortality rates disaggregated by subnational region, at the first and second administrative levels.

Original data source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME)

Subnational anaemia prevalence geospatial estimates (IHME)

Indicators: 2  |  Countries/territories: 89  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Anaemia prevalence geospatial estimates in women of reproductive age disaggregated by subnational region.

Original data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates

Subnational breastfeeding prevalence geospatial estimates (IHME)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 102  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence geospatial estimates among infants under six months of age disaggregated by subnational region.

Original data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates

Subnational diarrhoea prevalence, incidence and mortality geospatial estimates (IHME)

Indicators: 3  |  Countries/territories: 109  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Diarrhoea prevalence, incidence and mortality geospatial estimates among children aged under five years disaggregated by subnational region.

Original data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates

Immunization

Childhood immunization (DHS/MICS/RHS re-analyzed by ICEH)

Indicators: 18  |  Countries/territories: 111  |  Data extracted: June 2022

Childhood immunization indicators disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data source: Re-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS) by the WHO Collaborating Center for Health Equity Monitoring (International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas)

Subnational DTP immunization dropout rates (WHO/UNICEF)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 75  |  Data extracted: June 2021

Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis immunization dropout rates (DTP1-DTP3) disaggregated by district quintiles.

Original data source: Administrative data shared with WHO/UNICEF through the Joint Reporting Form process in 2017 and 2018

HIV, tuberculosis and malaria

HIV epidemiological estimates (UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO)

Indicators: 8  |  Countries/territories: 155  |  Data extracted: July 2023

HIV indicators related to new infections, deaths and treatment disaggregated by age and sex.

Original data sources: UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO estimates, available via AIDSinfo

HIV/AIDS (DHS Program and UNICEF Data Warehouse)

Indicators: 19  |  Countries/territories: 112  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and testing disaggregated by age, economic status, education, employment status, marital status, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data sources: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API and UNICEF Data Warehouse

Sub-Saharan Africa subnational HIV incidence and mortality geospatial estimates (IHME)

Indicators: 2  |  Countries/territories: 44  |  Data extracted: August 2022

HIV incidence and mortality geospatial estimates in sub-Saharan Africa disaggregated by subnational region.

Original data sources: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates

Tuberculosis (multiple data sources)

Indicators: 10  |  Countries/territories: 194  |  Data extracted : December 2021

Tuberculosis indicators related to burden, prevention, knowledge and attitudes, and social protection, disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and TB drug resistance status.

Original data sources: Country reported estimates, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS), TB patient cost surveys, TB prevalence surveys, and WHO estimates

Malaria (DHS Program and UNICEF Data Warehouse)

Indicators: 20  |  Countries/territories: 81  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to malaria burden, prevention, and testing and treatment, disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data sources: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API and UNICEF Data Warehouse

Subnational malaria prevalence, incidence and mortality geospatial estimates (IHME)

Indicators: 5  |  Countries/territories: 104 |  Data extracted: August 2022

Malaria prevalence, incidence and mortality geospatial estimates disaggregated by subnational region.

Original data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates

Adult health

Adult health and nutrition (DHS Program)

Indicators: 8  |  Countries/territories: 76  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to adult health and nutrition disaggregated by age, economic status, education, marital status, place of residence and subnational region.

Original data source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API

Alcohol (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 23  |  Countries/territories: 192  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators related to alcohol consumption disaggregated by sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Tobacco (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 23  |  Countries/territories: 194  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators related to tobacco use disaggregated by sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Noncommunicable diseases and risk factors (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 72  |  Countries/territories: 197  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators related to noncommunicable diseases and risk factors (including alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, nutrition, raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, tobacco use) disaggregated by sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Adult health (Eurostat)

Indicators: 31  |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health status and health behaviours and risk factors (including alcohol, physical activity, nutrition, blood pressure, blood glucose, tobacco use) disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Self-reported health status (OECD)

Indicators: 3  |  Countries/territories: 41  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to self-reported health status in OECD countries, disaggregated by age, economic status, education and sex.

Original data source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), HEALTH_STAT dataset

Health care

Health care quality, resources and expenditure (OECD)

Indicators: 63  |  Countries/territories: 48  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health care quality, resources and expenditure in OECD countries, disaggregated by age and sex.

Original data source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), EBDAG / HEALTH_REAC / HEALTH_HCQI datasets

Health care system and access (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 20  |  Countries/territories: 182  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators related to the health care system and health care access disaggregated by age, economic status, place of residence and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Health care access (DHS Program)

Indicators: 10  |  Countries/territories: 68  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to health care access disaggregated by age, economic status, education, employment status, marital status, number of living children, place of residence and subnational region. 

Original data source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API

Health care (Eurostat)

Indicators: 17  |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health care disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Burden of disease

Mortality rates (WHO Global Health Estimates)

Indicators: 154  |  Countries/territories: 183  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Disease mortality rates per 100 000 population disaggregated by age and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE)

Disability-adjusted life years (WHO Global Health Estimates)

Indicators: 154  |  Countries/territories: 183  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 000 population disaggregated by age and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE)

Years of healthy life lost due to disability (WHO Global Health Estimates)

Indicators: 154  |  Countries/territories: 183  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD) per 100 000 population disaggregated by age and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE)

Years of life lost from mortality (WHO Global Health Estimates)

Indicators: 154  |  Countries/territories: 183  |  Data extracted: August 2022

Years of life lost from mortality (YLL) per 100 000 population disaggregated by age and sex. 

Original data source: WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE)

Under-five mortality (UN IGME)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 194  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Under-five mortality rates disaggregated by economic status and sex.

Original data source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME)

Subnational under-five mortality (UN IGME)

Indicators: 1  |  Countries/territories: 22  |  Data extracted: September 2022

Under-five mortality rates disaggregated by subnational region, at the first and second administrative levels.

Original data source: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME)

Life expectancy and mortality (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 29  |  Countries/territories: 195  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Life expectancy and mortality rates disaggregated by sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

Disease incidence and prevalence estimates (IHME Global Burden of Disease study)

Indicators: 193 |  Countries/territories: 194  |  Data extracted: September 2022

Disease incidence and prevalence estimates disaggregated by sex.

Original data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Disability

Indicators disaggregated by disability (Eurostat)

Indicators: 46 |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health status, health behaviours and risk factors, health care and health determinants in European countries disaggregated by disability.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Indicators among people with disabilities (Eurostat)

Indicators: 46 |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health status, health behaviours and risk factors, health care and health determinants among people with disability in European countries, disaggregated by age and sex.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Migration

Indicators disaggregated by migratory status (Eurostat)

Indicators: 26 |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health status, health behaviours and risk factors, health care and health determinants in European countries disaggregated by migratory status.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Indicators among people who are migrants (Eurostat)

Indicators: 25 |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health status, health behaviours and risk factors, health care and health determinants among people who are migrants in European countries, disaggregated by age, sex and type of migrant.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

International migrants and refugees (UNSD/UNHCR)

Indicators: 3 |  Countries/territories: 197  |  Data extracted: July 2023

The number of international migrants and refugees per 1000 population disaggregated by age, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: United Nations Statistical Department (UNSD) International Migrant Stock 2020 and UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Refugee Population Statistics Database

Environmental health

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WHO/UNICEF JMP)

Indicators: 36  |  Countries/territories: 177  |  Data extracted: June 2022

Access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) within households, schools and health care facilities disaggregated by place of residence.

Original data source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP)

Environmental health (WHO Global Health Observatory)

Indicators: 26  |  Countries/territories: 195  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators related to environmental health (including water and sanitation, air pollution, cooking fuel) disaggregated by place of residence and sex.

Original data source: WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO)

WHO General Programme of Work

WHO 13th General Programme of Work (multiple data sources)

Indicators: 37  |  Countries/territories: 196  |  Data extracted: March 2023

Indicators used within the impact measurement of WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW 13), WHO’s strategy for the period 2019-2023, disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data sources: Re-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS); WHO Global Health Estimates; WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO); WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP); UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Joint Malnutrition Estimates; UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO HIV incidence estimates

Beyond the health sector

Health determinants (DHS Program and UNICEF Data Warehouse)

 

Indicators: 53  |  Countries/territories: 198  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to health determinants (e.g. education, communication, employment and household characteristics) disaggregated by age, economic status, education, employment type, marital status, number of living children, place of residence, sex and subnational region.

Original data source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API and UNICEF Data Warehouse

Health determinants (World Bank)

Indicators: 64  |  Countries/territories: 195  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to health determinants (e.g. education, employment and environment) disaggregated by economic status, place of residence and sex. 

Original data source: The World Bank Data Catalog

Health determinants (Eurostat)

Indicators: 26  |  Countries/territories: 36  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to health determinants (housing conditions, income distribution, poverty and material deprivation) in European countries disaggregated by age, economic status, education, place of residence and sex.

Original data source: Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

Health determinants (OECD)

Indicators: 26  |  Countries/territories: 41  |  Data extracted: July 2023

Indicators related to the determinants of health and well-being in OECD countries, disaggregated by age, education and sex. 

Original data source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 'How's Life? Well-Being' dataset

Child protection (DHS Program and UNICEF Data Warehouse)

Indicators: 37  |  Countries/territories: 192  |  Data extracted: February 2023

Indicators related to child protection and female genital mutilation (FGM) disaggregated by age, economic status, education, employment status, marital status, number of living children, place of residence, religion, sex and subnational region.

Original data source: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program Indicator Data API and UNICEF Data Warehouse

Women's empowerment index (SWPER) (DHS re-analyzed by ICEH)

Indicators: 9  |  Countries/territories: 64  |  Data extracted: June 2022

Survey-based women’s empowerment index (SWPER) indicators covering three index domains (social independence, decision-making, and attitude to violence), disaggregated by economic status, education, place of residence and subnational region.

Original data source: Re-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) by the WHO Collaborating Center for Health Equity Monitoring (International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas)

Development indices and indicators (Global Data Lab)

Indicators: 28  |  Countries/territories: 165  |  Data extracted: January 2023

Development indices (Human Development Index, Gender Development Index, International Wealth Index, Gini coefficient and Theil-T) and their component indicators, disaggregated by economic status, place of residence, poverty status and subnational region.

Original data source: Global Data Lab

Multidimensional Poverty Index (UNDP and OPHI)

Indicators: 2  |  Countries/territories: 111  |  Data extracted: November 2022

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) disaggregated by age, ethnicity/race/caste, place of residence, sex of household head and subnational region. 

Original data source: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2021 and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) 2022