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Water
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Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation
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Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water-Energy Nexus".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 9129

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lirong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
Interests: clean technology; policy development; computable general equilibrium model development and application; inpu–output/supply chain/ecological network/ material flow analysis; system optimization/partial equilibrium models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaying Xin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environment and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: phytoplankton; ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment; emerging chemicals of concern; climate change impact; water and wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wendy Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Interests: wastewater treatment; environmental systems analysis; water pollution; water resources management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With global warming and the frequent occurrence of various forms of extreme weather, mankind is facing more challenges: floods, serious urban waterlogging, a lack of agricultural water, water pollution, serious haze and other problems have had adverse effects on human survival and life. These problems not only seriously affect personal life but also restrict the development of national economies and affect the global biological environment.

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality research papers and critical reviews that are focused on (1) water resource planning and management innovations for emerging cities for the future, (2) water resource protection and water pollution management in new rural construction, (3) the optimal treatment and management of industrial wastewater (chemical wastewater and nuclear wastewater), (4) innovative flood disaster management, (5) greenhouse gas emission measures and management under carbon neutralization targets, (6) air pollution detection, control and management innovation. This Special Issue will collect a wide range of research views and achievements in relevant fields around the world, and provide readers with different views, theories and research data. It will provide a reference for individuals and management units who are responsible for water resource management and air pollution management.

Dr. Lirong Liu
Dr. Xiaying Xin
Dr. Wendy Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water resources
  • water pollution
  • industrial wastewater
  • chemical wastewater
  • nuclear wastewater
  • flood
  • greenhouse gas
  • carbon neutralization
  • air pollution

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3941 KiB  
Article
Development of Vitamin B6-Mediated Biochar with Nano Zero-Valent Iron Coating for Oxytetracycline Removal through Adsorption and Degradation under Harsh Acidic Conditions
by Yuelin Xin, Peng Zhang, Jian Shen and Shaojie Ren
Water 2022, 14(17), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172734 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
Oxytetracycline-containing wastewater, particularly produced by pharmaceutical industries, is too acidic to treat with iron-assisted materials. In order to tackle this issue, vitamin B6-mediated biochar with nano zero-valent iron coating (nZVI/B6@BC) was developed. Oxytetracycline (OTC) removal performance of biochar (BC), vitamin B6-coated biochar (B6@BC), [...] Read more.
Oxytetracycline-containing wastewater, particularly produced by pharmaceutical industries, is too acidic to treat with iron-assisted materials. In order to tackle this issue, vitamin B6-mediated biochar with nano zero-valent iron coating (nZVI/B6@BC) was developed. Oxytetracycline (OTC) removal performance of biochar (BC), vitamin B6-coated biochar (B6@BC), nZVI-coated biochar (nZVI@BC), and vitamin B6-mediated biochar with nano zero-valent iron coating (nZVI/B6@BC) were investigated to analyze contributions and mechanisms of adsorption and degradation. Through modification, the adsorption capacity of B6@BC was slightly increased from 81.38 mg/g of BC to 85.64 mg/g. In the removal test, the 5-min OTC removal efficiencies with nZVI@BC and nZVI/B6@BC were 52.25% and 59.05%, yet the BC and B6@BC were limited to 5.61% and 8.54%. The distinct difference may be attributed to the existence of nZVI on biochar strongly improving the reactivity from adsorption to chemical reaction. Moreover, 98.28% of OTC was removed within 60 min in the nZVI/B6@BC suspension. The adsorption of OTC on BC fitted the Freundlich isotherm, Temkin isotherm, and intramolecular diffusion model, whereas that on B6@BC fitted Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order better. Based on HPLC-MS analyses, there were three pathways proposed for OTC degradation in nZVI/B6@BC suspension. nZVI provided active sites on biochar for OTC degradation through oxidization, de-hydroxylation, ring-opening, reduction, addition, demethylation, and alkylation reactions. B6 as a mediate helped improve the stabilization and distribution of nZVI on biochar, which facilitates the capability of nZVI/B6@BC for OTC removal through adsorption and degradation under acidic conditions. The OTC can not only be captured on biochar but also be metabolized to achieve complete removal from aquatic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation)
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26 pages, 6633 KiB  
Article
Coupling Two-Stage Stochastic Robust Programming with Improved Export Coefficient for Water Allocation among Industrial Sectors
by Hang Zhao, Qian Tan, Shan Zhang, Tong Zhang, Tianyuan Zhang and Kejia Hu
Water 2022, 14(12), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121947 - 17 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Water scarcity and water pollution are essential factors limiting coordinated regional development, especially in water-deprived regions. Industrial restructuring is an effective water management solution to alleviate water scarcity and mitigate water pollution. However, due to widely existing inexact parameter information in the water [...] Read more.
Water scarcity and water pollution are essential factors limiting coordinated regional development, especially in water-deprived regions. Industrial restructuring is an effective water management solution to alleviate water scarcity and mitigate water pollution. However, due to widely existing inexact parameter information in the water resource management system, it is challenging to allocate water resources among industrial sectors. To address these problems, an export coefficient coupled with a two-stage stochastic robust programming method (EC-TSRP) was developed through integrating an export coefficient model (ECM), two-stage stochastic programming (TSP) and robust optimization. The proposed EC-TSRP model could effectively deal with the multiple uncertainties expressed as stochastic and the intervals with fluctuation ranges, and enhance the robustness of optimal plans for supporting water resource allocation among industrial sectors under complex uncertainties. It was then applied to Bayan Nur City, in arid north-west China. The optimization alternatives indicate that wheat, sheep and services would be the most sensitive sectors among all industrial sectors, when non-point source (NPS) pollution exports are restricted. In addition, comparing the EC-TSRP results with the deterministic model, the reliability of the system could be improved significantly, while the value of the objective function would be decreased slightly. The simulation results were also compared with the historical data from 2012 to 2016. Although the total revenue of Bayan Nur City would decrease by 1.52%, the pollutant loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (TN, TP and COD) would decrease by 14.5%, 7.75% and 2.07%, respectively, and total water allocation also would decrease from 4.6 billion m3 to 4.23 billion m3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation)
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19 pages, 2693 KiB  
Article
Conjunctive Water Management under Multiple Uncertainties: A Case Study of the Amu Darya River Basin, Central Asia
by Xiaobo Zhai, Yongping Li, Yuan Ma, Guohe Huang and Yanfeng Li
Water 2022, 14(10), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14101541 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1467
Abstract
With population growth, climate volatility, and economic expansion, the conjunctive management of surface–groundwater (SGW) faces great challenges. In this study, a hybrid factorial optimization programming (HFOP) method is developed through integrating factorial analysis, interval linear programming, flexible fuzzy programming, and two-stage stochastic programming [...] Read more.
With population growth, climate volatility, and economic expansion, the conjunctive management of surface–groundwater (SGW) faces great challenges. In this study, a hybrid factorial optimization programming (HFOP) method is developed through integrating factorial analysis, interval linear programming, flexible fuzzy programming, and two-stage stochastic programming into a general framework. HFOP can effectively reflect the multiple uncertainties and quantitatively identify the effects of multiple factors. Then, a HFOP-SGW model is formulated for the middle reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin, where 125 scenarios are analyzed. Some of the major findings are: (i) the improvement of surface-water transport efficiency and the proper use of groundwater can effectively alleviate regional water shortage; (ii) agricultural users have a high risk of water scarcity for all states, especially under a low-flow level; (iii) uncertainties of water-flow levels and risk-reverse attitudes of decision makers have significant impacts on the system’s benefits and water-allocation scheme; and (iv) the surface-water-transmission loss rate and risk perceptions of decision makers are the main factors affecting the system’s benefit’s and water-allocation scheme. These findings can help decision makers obtain desired water-allocation strategies to respond to the variations in water availability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation)
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17 pages, 3199 KiB  
Article
Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Microplastics in Urban Freshwater Lakes: A Case Study in Songshan Lake of Dongguan, China
by Nian Tang, Yunjun Yu, Liqi Cai, Xiangling Tan, Lulu Zhang, Yihui Huang, Bo Li, Jinping Peng and Xiangrong Xu
Water 2022, 14(7), 1111; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071111 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3137
Abstract
Current studies on microplastic pollution mainly focus on marine systems. However, few studies have investigated microplastics in an urban lake. This research intends to use an urban lake (Songshan Lake) as an example to explore the pollution characteristics of microplastics and use the [...] Read more.
Current studies on microplastic pollution mainly focus on marine systems. However, few studies have investigated microplastics in an urban lake. This research intends to use an urban lake (Songshan Lake) as an example to explore the pollution characteristics of microplastics and use the principal component as well as the heat map analysis to discuss the relationships between different shapes of microplastics. According to this study, the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water and surface sediments of Songshan Lake were, respectively, 2.29 ± 0.98 items/m3 and 244 ± 121 items/kg; thin films were the major microplastics in both media; transparent this type of color has the most microplastic content. The particle size of microplastics was mainly 0.18–0.6 mm (43.3%) in surface water and 1–2 mm (48.3%) in surface sediments. The composition included five polymers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene–polyethylene copolymer (PP–PE copolymer), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), among which PE (47%) and PP (36%) were the main components. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there was a positive correlation among the four shapes of microplastics: films, fragments, foams, and fibers. The heat map analysis showed that the same category of shape distribution features may be similar for each sampling site. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Water Resources and Air Pollution Management and Innovation)
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