- Cognitive Science, Translation Studies, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), TIS cognitive translatology, Consciousness, Translation, and 72 moreTIS technology, Bilingualism & the brain, Memory (Cognitive Psychology), Reading Comprehension, Bilingual Language Acquisition, TIS learning, TIS translatology, Cognitive Linguistics, TIS Corpora, Translation and Interpretation, Situated Cognition, Translation Technology, Teaching Thinking Skills, Embodied Cognition, Cognitive Psychology, Empirical translation studies, Process-oriented translator training, Extended Mind, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Embodied Embedded Cognition, Group Cognition, Expertise, Expertise Development, Processes Underpinning Creative Practice, Natural Translation, Sociological Models of Translation and Interpreting, Teaching Translation, Translation theory, Psychology, Cognitive Translation Processes, Research Methodology in Translation Studies, 4EA Cognition, Translation Process, Cognitive ergonomics in translation, Translation and Cognition, Translation Process Research, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Philosophy of Mind, Language Comprehension, Corpus Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Traducción e interpretación, Affective Sciences, Cognitive Ergonomics, Translation pedagogy, Writing Processes, Metalinguistic Awareness, Human-Machine Interaction, Cognitive Neuroscience, Language Processing, Experimental Psycholinguistics, Multilingualism, Decision Making, Neuroscience, Neurolinguistics, Theory of Mind, Empathy (Psychology), Social Neuroscience, Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, Social Cognition, Eye tracking, Directionality in interpreting, Translation Directionality, Eye Tracking (in reading), Translation and Interpreting, Antonio Damásio, Edwin Hutchins, Philosophy Of Language, Cognitive Translatology, Philosophy of Science, Research Methodology, and Traductologie cognitiveedit
- I am contributing to develop a situated (4EA) cognitive framework to account for the mental processes involved in mul... moreI am contributing to develop a situated (4EA) cognitive framework to account for the mental processes involved in multilectal mediated communication tasks, which I have unimaginatively dubbed "cognitive translatology". In order to do so, I am always learning in areas such as attention and control; multitasking and task/language switching; cognitive workload, demand, and effort; conscious and automated behavior and expertise. The bilingual mental lexicon, naturalistic decision-making under uncertainty, fuzzy problem solving, self-regulation, implicit beliefs and HCI are other research topics I usually strive to understand to fit them all into a coherent picture.edit
[3rd–party precis of a talk in Spanish at National University of Rosario, Argentina] Multilectal mediated communication (MMC) encompasses all instances where two or more parties communicate using different lects (languages, dialects), and... more
[3rd–party precis of a talk in Spanish at National University of Rosario, Argentina] Multilectal mediated communication (MMC) encompasses all instances where two or more parties communicate using different lects (languages, dialects), and a third party facilitates or enhances communication. Approaching MMC can involve sociological or technological perspectives, but the ever-evolving cultural dynamics and technology landscape render these approaches complex and volatile. A cognitive approach assumes that mental processes are similar across humanity, so it allows researchers to reduce variables in empirical studies and generalize findings. Cognitive translation and interpreting studies encompass various schools of thought, with computational translatology being a prevalent one, drawing parallels between human cognition and computer processes. In contrast, cognitive translatology argues that thinking is not what we thought and that it is grounded in situated cognition, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between the mind and the environment. It challenges the notion of translation as a mechanical process, exploring instead the interactive, multimodal and emergentist nature of both thhinking and communication.
Cognitive translatology has four primary goals: to train mediators efficiently, to improve working ways and conditions for professionals, to heighten product and communication quality, and to educate individuals on using machine translation tools and in comprehending the intricacies of MMC. Within cognitive translatology, language is approached both as a means of communication and as a cognitive tool. An understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and cognition is essential for effective translation. Words do not possess inherent meanings; meaning are in the minds of people. Interpreting language is influenced by individual and collective understanding. Furthermore, culture isn't intrinsically tied to language but is a socially acquired, individual repository of knowledge. Translating, seen from this perspective, is a natural activity that is not learned but improved, with translators being more than language experts; they are professional communicators.
Cognitive translatology has four primary goals: to train mediators efficiently, to improve working ways and conditions for professionals, to heighten product and communication quality, and to educate individuals on using machine translation tools and in comprehending the intricacies of MMC. Within cognitive translatology, language is approached both as a means of communication and as a cognitive tool. An understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and cognition is essential for effective translation. Words do not possess inherent meanings; meaning are in the minds of people. Interpreting language is influenced by individual and collective understanding. Furthermore, culture isn't intrinsically tied to language but is a socially acquired, individual repository of knowledge. Translating, seen from this perspective, is a natural activity that is not learned but improved, with translators being more than language experts; they are professional communicators.
Research Interests:
[English abstract below] Este libro es una guía sobre los aspectos cognitivos de la comunicación multilectal mediada: la traducción, en sentido amplio. Es también una teoría científica y empírica particular dentro de los estudios... more
[English abstract below] Este libro es una guía sobre los aspectos cognitivos de la comunicación multilectal mediada: la traducción, en sentido amplio. Es también una teoría científica y empírica particular dentro de los estudios cognitivos de la traducción e interpretación, la de la traductología cognitiva. El tratado se estructura en tres secciones, más un preámbulo que define conceptos básicos relacionados con el saber científico. También explica su base epistemológica, el realismo corporeizado. La primera sección relata la historia de los estudios cognitivos de la traducción y la interpretación: desde el desarrollo de la traducción automática y la revolución cognitiva, pasando por las investigaciones psicolingüísticas de la interpretación y la ciencia de la traducción, el arraigo del empirismo y la multidisciplinariedad, y la expansión y renovación metodológicas, hasta las perspectivas actuales, que se van acrisolando con el cambio de siglo. La segunda sección presenta la cognición situada y sus distintas tesis. Explica con sencillez el anclaje del pensamiento en el cuerpo y su integración con el entorno, al que se extiende y con el que enactúa e interactúa. También deslinda cómo encajan las emociones y nuestra capacidad de predecir, y cierra cubriendo la cognición social, la cognición distribuida y la relación entre humanos y máquinas. La tercera sección define el objeto de estudio y las metas de la traductología cognitiva, explora el concepto de significado, la comunicación y la perspectiva interpersonal, y la naturaleza del lenguaje. El volumen cierra aclarando qué es traducir y cómo se aprende a hacerlo. Es un punto de encuentro entre la mente humana, el lenguaje y el cambiante mundo de la traducción.
This book, in Spanish, is a guide to the cognitive aspects of mediated multilectal communication— translation, in its broadest sense. It also lays out a concrete scientific and empirical theory withyin cognitive translation & interpreting studies, namely cognitive translatology. The volume is structured in three sections, plus a preamble that defines basic concepts related to scientific knowledge. It also explains the epistemological basis of the theory, embodied realism. The first section recounts the history of cognitive translation and interpreting studies—from the development of machine translation and the cognitive revolution, through psycholinguistic research in interpreting and the science of translation, the entrenchment of empiricism and multidisciplinarity, and methodological expansion and renewal, to current perspectives. The second section presents situated cognition and its basic, distinctive theses: It explains in plain and simple words how thinking is anchored in the body, how it interacts with and extends to the environment, how it actually enacts cognition. It also unpacks how emotions and our ability to predict fit together, and closes by covering social cognition, distributed cognition, and the relationship between humans and machines. The third section defines the object of study and the goals of cognitive translatology, explores the concept of meaning, communication and the interpersonal perspective (as opposed to interlinguistic and intercultural), and the nature of language. The volume closes by defining translation, what it means to learn how to translate. The book is thus is a meeting point between the human mind, language and the changing world of translation.
This book, in Spanish, is a guide to the cognitive aspects of mediated multilectal communication— translation, in its broadest sense. It also lays out a concrete scientific and empirical theory withyin cognitive translation & interpreting studies, namely cognitive translatology. The volume is structured in three sections, plus a preamble that defines basic concepts related to scientific knowledge. It also explains the epistemological basis of the theory, embodied realism. The first section recounts the history of cognitive translation and interpreting studies—from the development of machine translation and the cognitive revolution, through psycholinguistic research in interpreting and the science of translation, the entrenchment of empiricism and multidisciplinarity, and methodological expansion and renewal, to current perspectives. The second section presents situated cognition and its basic, distinctive theses: It explains in plain and simple words how thinking is anchored in the body, how it interacts with and extends to the environment, how it actually enacts cognition. It also unpacks how emotions and our ability to predict fit together, and closes by covering social cognition, distributed cognition, and the relationship between humans and machines. The third section defines the object of study and the goals of cognitive translatology, explores the concept of meaning, communication and the interpersonal perspective (as opposed to interlinguistic and intercultural), and the nature of language. The volume closes by defining translation, what it means to learn how to translate. The book is thus is a meeting point between the human mind, language and the changing world of translation.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Situated Cognition, and 15 moreTranslation theory, Psycholinguistics, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Interpreting Studies, Cognitive Linguistics, HCI, Translation and Interpretation, Cognitive Ergonomics, Bilingualism, Cognitive Translatology, Philosophy of Language and Mind, Traducción e interpretación, Traduzione, Cognitive Translation Processes, and Teoría De La Traducción
The results of a quasi-experimental, intra-subject study are reported on the effects of the use of SmarTerp on physiological stress levels of twelve second-year students of the MA in Interpreting at the University of Bologna during a... more
The results of a quasi-experimental, intra-subject study are reported on the effects of the use of SmarTerp on physiological stress levels of twelve second-year students of the MA in Interpreting at the University of Bologna during a simultaneous interpreting task. The study, part of a broader project, explores the rendition of terminological units, proper names, and numbers and its correlation with stress levels, to provide insights into SmarTerp's practical usefulness in the field. Physiological stress levels were measured through heart rate and heart-rate variability indicators with Empatica E4 wristbands. Participants took part in three data-collection sessions over a month. In sessions 1 and 3 the participants interpreted two speeches, one with SmarTerp and another one without it. Descriptive findings hinted at a potential stressalleviating effect of interpreting with SmarTerp, especially when interpreting into a second language. However, all inferential statistical results consistently revealed non-significant outcomes. Furthermore, stress levels did not decrease significantly over time when using SmarTerp. While the non-significant reduction in stress may cast doubt on the tool's efficacy, the complexity and multiple variables influencing stress in interpreting tasks should be factored in. SmarTerp may serve its primary purpose in aiding accurate rendition of terminological units, proper names, and numbers.
Research Interests: Human Computer Interaction, Electrophysiology, Situated Cognition, Workplace Studies, Attention, and 12 moreStress, Interpreting Studies, Work and Organizational Psychology, Heart rate variability, Simultaneous Interpretation, Heart rate, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Interpreter Training, Translation Process Research, Translator and Interpreter Training, Cognitive Translation Processes, and photoplethysmography (PPG)
Physiological indicators of stress such as galvanic skin response, cortisol, and heart rate are gathering momentum in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is gaining ground as a possibly reliable... more
Physiological indicators of stress such as galvanic skin response, cortisol, and heart rate are gathering momentum in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is gaining ground as a possibly reliable indicator of stress for tasks that do not involve physical activity. However, using electrocardiography and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors in research involves following methodological guidelines to prevent negative impacts on data. We performed an observational, exploratory study on HRV in onsite vs. remote interpreting with interpreters (n = 5) with no experience in remote interpreting. Data was collected with Empatica E4 wristbands, which use PPG sensors to measure heart rate variability. We report results, yet our focus is the methodological issues derived from using heart rate (HR) and HRV as indicators of stress that we encountered both at data collection and in the analysis. We will formulate methodological recommendations regarding HR, HRV and (1) the characteristics and size of the sample; (2) the structuring of data collection sessions; (3) the selection of stimuli; (4) its relationship with other variables; (5) the selection of heart-related indicators; and (6) statistical analysis.
Research Interests: Translation Studies, Research Methods and Methodology, Psycholinguistics, Workplace Studies, Stress, and 15 moreInterpreting Studies, Translation and Interpretation, Conference Interpreting, Electrocardiography, Bilingualism, Heart rate variability, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Simultaneous Interpretation, TIS cognitive translatology, Translation and Interpreting Studies, Cognitive Translation Processes, On Site Interpreting Vs. Remote Interpreting, Computer-Assisted Interpreting, and photoplethysmography (PPG)
This little piece summarizes the changes in translators’ work from the 1990s as a tribute to the Revista Tradumàtica on its 20th anniversary. No surprises: text processing, the Internet as a source for information, the use of CAT tools... more
This little piece summarizes the changes in translators’ work from the 1990s as a tribute to the Revista Tradumàtica on its 20th anniversary. No surprises: text processing, the Internet as a source for information, the use of CAT tools and neural MT, and changes in the market and labor relations stand out as the prominent features that have changed (or not) in the last 30 years
Research Interests: Human Computer Interaction, Information Technology, Translation Studies, Digital Humanities, Internet Studies, and 15 moreDocumentation, Machine Translation, Information Communication Technology, Localization, Technical Writing, Virtual Teams, Translation, The Internet, Digital Library, Online Business, Telework, computer assisted Translation tools, Fansubbing, FreeLancer, and Translator and Interpreter Training
We extend and adapt some of Don Kiraly's social constructivist proposals to the training of interpreters in remote settings
Research Interests:
An analysis of the development of CTIS from its starting point as a research realm within MT and psycholinguistics through a discipline within linguistics to a multidisciplinary endeavor —where humanities, through comparative literature,... more
An analysis of the development of CTIS from its starting point as a research realm within MT and psycholinguistics through a discipline within linguistics to a multidisciplinary endeavor —where humanities, through comparative literature, firtst converged and later became hegemonic—that still holds the original Holmes' notion of an empirical discipline cutting accross a few social sciences.
Research Interests: Comparative Literature, Translation Studies, Social Sciences, History of Science, Translation theory, and 15 morePsycholinguistics, History of Social Sciences, Bible Translation, Literary Theory, Translation History, Interpreting Studies, Translation criticism, Interpretation, Translation and Interpretation, Translation, Theory of translation, Translation and Interpreting, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Traducción e interpretación, and Social Science
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup, mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF assumes... more
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows
of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup,
mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF
assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on
unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed
typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be
observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for
information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump
strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching
costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of
just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF,
operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS
(task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems
particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with
variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down
the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup,
mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF
assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on
unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed
typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be
observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for
information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump
strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching
costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of
just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF,
operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS
(task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems
particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with
variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down
the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
Research Interests: Human Computer Interaction, Translation Studies, Cognitive Control, Psycholinguistics, Metacognition, and 15 moreWriting, Cognitive Linguistics, Task switching (Cognitive Psychology), Cognitive Ergonomics, Cognitive Translatology, Writing Processes, Multitasking, Voluntary Task Switching, Cognitive Task Analysis, Cognitive Translatology, Psycholinguistics, Mental Processes, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), TIS cognitive translatology, Translation Process Research, Human-Computer Interaction, and keylogging
The aims of this article are twofold: to challenge views on translation as problem solving in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS), and to outline an alternative approach that calls for tapping and investigating the whole... more
The aims of this article are twofold: to challenge views on translation as problem solving in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS), and to outline an alternative approach that calls for tapping and investigating the whole translation process-and not (only) problem solving. We first offer a review of the concepts of problem and problem solving in psychology. Second, we discuss several approaches to problem and problem solving in translation and outline the conceptual troubles of these models. We then focus on the operationalisations of translation problem-solving constructs and discuss how the traditional use of pauses as an indicator of problem-solving stances in translation is troublesome. Finally, we outline an alternative approach to translation as problem-solving from a cognitive-translatological perspective. We approach translation as a type of constrained production of texts led by creative imitation. The overarching constraint is the existence of one or several source texts to which an intertextual relationship of identity is assumed. Such a shift in perspective, we contend, calls for an updated research agenda in CTIS based on considering the whole translation process instead of solely focusing on problem solving, along the lines laid down by cognitive translatology, a situated cognition framework within CTIS.
Research Interests: Communication, Translation Studies, Natural Language Processing, Decision Making, Situated Cognition, and 15 morePsycholinguistics, Problem solving (Cognitive Psychology), Interpreting Studies, Meaning, Cognitive Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation, Communication Studies, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Communication Science, Mental Lexicon, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Estudios de Traducción, Traducción e interpretación, and Translation Process Research
ENTI is an open encyclopedia on translation and interpreting studies (TIS), fostered by AIETI. This innovative project is open-access, international, multilingual, multimedia, rigorous, scalable and constantly in-the-making, as explained... more
ENTI is an open encyclopedia on translation and interpreting studies (TIS), fostered by AIETI. This innovative project is open-access, international, multilingual, multimedia, rigorous, scalable and constantly in-the-making, as explained in detail in our Mission statement. ENTI is published under license CC BY-NC 4.0.
With some 80 entries and 100 authors, the first ENTI edition was launched in 2022, under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS, in as many languages and perspectives as possible.
With some 80 entries and 100 authors, the first ENTI edition was launched in 2022, under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS, in as many languages and perspectives as possible.
Research Interests: Translation Studies, Interpreting Studies, History of Translation, Translation and Interpretation, Court Interpreting, and 15 moreTranslation, Sociological Models of Translation and Interpreting, Sign Language Interpreting, Bilingualism, Literary translation, Traductologie, Translation and Interpreting, Traducción, Traduction, Tradução, Übersetzung, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Estudos da Tradução, Traducción e interpretación, and Traduzione
Translation process research (TPR) is an atheoretical label used to describe research within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) devoted to the study of the cognition involved in multilingual mediated communication with... more
Translation process research (TPR) is an atheoretical label used to describe research within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) devoted to the study of the cognition involved in multilingual mediated communication with written source texts. Research methods are a pivotal issue in TPR, where researchers’ main aim is to develop rigorous, reliable methods to access the evidence of the workings of translators’ minds. Moreover, the drive in TPR for advancing fast and catching up with the pace of other cognitive science disciplines has resulted in a profusion of research topics, data coding, and tools. This chapter provides a snapshot of research methodology in TPR with an eye to identifying limitations, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. After introducing some basic notions related to quantitative and qualitative research, it focuses on three key types of research in TPR: quasi experimental, observational, and the cognitive research of texts. Each type is briefly contextualized and defined in relation to the theoretical paradigm it adheres to, its contexts of application and topics, and the data collection and analysis methods most frequently employed. Core results and critical issues are also discussed. The chapter closes with a few recommendations for practice.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Languages and Linguistics, and 13 moreMultilingualism, Psycholinguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Cognitive Anthropology, Digital Ethnography, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Translation, Bilingualism and cognition, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Psicologia Cognitiva, and Empirical Research
In this chapter, we contend that cognitive translation & interpreting studies (CTIS) is an applied science because it employs the scientific method to study a socially defined object. We further argue that applied sciences share some... more
In this chapter, we contend that cognitive translation & interpreting studies (CTIS) is an applied science because it employs the scientific method to study a socially defined object. We further argue that applied sciences share some traits, not only in their ways and goals, but also in their structure and the ways they evolve. We will thus compare CTIS in some respects to another
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Epistemology, Translation Studies, Situated Cognition, and 15 moreApplied Linguistics, Interpreting Studies, Epistemic Justification, Cognitive Linguistics, Interpreting, Translation, Bilingualism and cognition, Discipline, Translation Process, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Mental Lexicon, Applied Sciences, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), and Translation Process Research
We are witnessing exciting advances in cognitive translation studies (CTS), which has become an established area within translation studies. CTS boasts today an increasing number of researchers, diversified approaches to cognition and an... more
We are witnessing exciting advances in cognitive translation studies (CTS), which has become an established area within translation studies. CTS boasts today an increasing number of researchers, diversified approaches to cognition and an expanded list of research topics. CTS-themed international conference series are contributing to the constant advances in this area in the new decade. Hence the title of this volume. In the first part of this introduction, we present a short history of the development of this area that, in a way, frames the introductions to each chapter in its second part by offering a wider perspective. Based on the “invisible college” thesis on the growth of scientific knowledge, our historical sketch is structured around CTS's emergence, early development, reckoning, rapid rise, and gradual diversification. As this book gets out of press, we emerge from a Covid-ridden year, and our CTS scientific community has paradoxically become more and better interconnected worldwide.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade - Sanjun Sun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Defeng Li
2. Spillover Effects in Task-Segment Switching: A Study of Translation Subtasks as Behavioral Categories Within the Task Segment Framework - Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Matthias Apfelthaler
3. Situated Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions - Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
4. Measuring the User Experience of Computer-Aided Translation Systems: A Comparative Study - Sanjun Sun
5. Bridging Paradigms to Approach Expertise in Cognitive Translation Studies - Fabio Alves, Igor A. Lourenço da Silva
6. Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence - Zhihong Yang, Defeng Li
7. The Effort Models of Interpreting as a Didactic Construct - Daniel Gile
8. Temporal Eye-Voice Span as a Dynamic Indicator for Cognitive Effort During Speech Processing: A Comparative Study of Reading Aloud and Sight Translation - Hao Zhou, Yu Weng, Binghan Zheng
9. Eye Tracking Uncertainty Management in Sight Translation: Differences Between Professional and Novice Interpreters - Yan He, Jiayi Wang
10. The Impact of Directionality on Cognitive Patterns in the Translation of Metaphors - Yifang Wang
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade - Sanjun Sun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Defeng Li
2. Spillover Effects in Task-Segment Switching: A Study of Translation Subtasks as Behavioral Categories Within the Task Segment Framework - Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Matthias Apfelthaler
3. Situated Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions - Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
4. Measuring the User Experience of Computer-Aided Translation Systems: A Comparative Study - Sanjun Sun
5. Bridging Paradigms to Approach Expertise in Cognitive Translation Studies - Fabio Alves, Igor A. Lourenço da Silva
6. Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence - Zhihong Yang, Defeng Li
7. The Effort Models of Interpreting as a Didactic Construct - Daniel Gile
8. Temporal Eye-Voice Span as a Dynamic Indicator for Cognitive Effort During Speech Processing: A Comparative Study of Reading Aloud and Sight Translation - Hao Zhou, Yu Weng, Binghan Zheng
9. Eye Tracking Uncertainty Management in Sight Translation: Differences Between Professional and Novice Interpreters - Yan He, Jiayi Wang
10. The Impact of Directionality on Cognitive Patterns in the Translation of Metaphors - Yifang Wang
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Situated Cognition, Embodied Cognition, and 15 moreApplied Linguistics, Extended Mind, Cognitive Linguistics, History of Translation, Translation, Bilingualism and cognition, Translation and Interpreting, Writing Processes, Cognitive Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Task Analysis, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Translation and Interpreting Studies, Disciplinary Literacy, Computer Typing, and History of Translation and Interpretation
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a systematic approach to the description and analysis of whole translation processes as keylogged that portrays translating as a metacognitively controlled activity steered by the translator. The TSF... more
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a systematic approach to the description and analysis of whole translation processes as keylogged that portrays translating as a metacognitively controlled activity steered by the translator. The TSF suggests that adding new text, changing existing copy, and online searching qualify as subtasks with psychological reality in that they are behavioral bundles with their own set of rules and palette of behaviors. As experience is accumulated, translators will tend to devote task segments to such single sub tasks to be more efficient, to avoid unnecessary higher mental loads derived from maintaining more than one set and palette active at once. Using a wide variety of informants and texts, this research project sought to determine whether there are forward task-switching (spillover) effects, which would be a proof of such psychological reality. Three indicators were used, (1) the length of the previous pause chunking the task flow into task segments; and (2) the interkeystroke intervals (IKIs) and (3) the dwell time of the five first keypresses. The results of all three indicators attest for task switching effects and hence suggest that the translation subtasks in the TSF have psychological reality. Additional results point to IKI and dwell time rebound values that might be related to expertise but also with the smooth transition between chained typing motor programs.
Research Interests: Translation Studies, User Experience (UX), Situated Cognition, Psycholinguistics, Metacognition, and 15 moreMotor Control, Cognitive Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies, Task switching (Cognitive Psychology), Bilingualism and cognition, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Cognitive Load, Writing Processes, Cognitive Task Analysis, Chunking Syntax, TIS cognitive translatology, Task analysis, Pauses, and Computer Typing
This book presents some of the latest theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive translation & interpreting studies. It involves the modes of interpreting, translation, sight translation, and computer-aided translation. Some... more
This book presents some of the latest theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive translation & interpreting studies. It involves the modes of interpreting, translation, sight translation, and computer-aided translation. Some chapters propose a new analytical framework for studying keylogged translation processes, a framework that aims to reconcile a sociological and a psychological (Ericsson's) approach for studying expertise in translation, and a pedagogical model of translation competence. Other chapters expand the investigation of cognitive processes by considering the role of emotional factors, reviews, and develops the effort models of interpreting as a didactic construct. The empirical studies in this book revolve around cognitive load and effort; they explore the influences of text factors (e.g., metaphors, complex lexical items, directionality) while taking into account translator factors and evaluate the user experience of computer-aided translation tools.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Expertise, User Experience (UX), and 15 moreSituated Cognition, Psycholinguistics, Conceptual Metaphor, Cognitive Load Theory, Interpreting Studies, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Linguistics, Translation, Bilingualism and cognition, Cognitive Translatology, Writing Processes, Translator Training, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Translation Process Research, and Psychology of Human Computer Interaction
In order to grasp complex wholes, like the solar system, scientists formulate simplified idealizations or models* for them. Scientific models represent such complex wholes to different degrees, but they will only work if (we believe that)... more
In order to grasp complex wholes, like the solar system, scientists formulate simplified idealizations or models* for them. Scientific models represent such complex wholes to different degrees, but they will only work if (we believe that) there is some correspondence with their counterparts in the world. Such correspondence need not be based on physical or structural resemblance. Scientists may strip away everything they do not deem essential for their interests, or even introduce deliberate distortions they can control and correct later on. Models only need to fit empirical data. A scientific model entails a particular view on reality, a set of assumptions, tentative constructs and (often implicitly restricted) goals. Many systems, like the human cognitive system, can be modelled in different ways, often for different purposes. We may also use metaphors and analogies as models or as shorthand for other models, like "atoms look like solar systems" or "the human mind is a computer". When several models exist for one and the same object of study, they may become integrated or compete, transitorily or until one supersedes another. We may also adopt epistemic pluralism-not relativism-and use a model to study one part of the system, and another one for a different part or for the whole. Situated cognition is a model to study the workings of the mind/brain. It is considered to be an alternative to the mind-as-computer, information-processing model of cognition, which was prevalent in computing, linguistics, psychology and the philosophy of mind before the 21 st century and is still advocated by some. These models-information-processing and situated cognition-sustain what seem to be mutually exclusive principles, tenets and views on the nature and workings of perception, memory, thought, language, understanding, the very architecture and components of our cognitive system (such as the mental lexicon) and, crucially, its relationship with the world. These models of cognition are important because they form the basis of all cognitive approaches* to translation. The informationprocessing model informed most cognitive endeavors in Translation Studies. Situated approaches, such as Cognitive Translatology (Muñoz 2010), are now on the rise. Two notes of caution are called for. First, cognition may be situated to different degrees. Abstract thinking (e.g., considering time or society) maybe less situated than thinking while playing ping-pong. Non-situated cognition is possible, but also the exception-just in some forms of Artificial Intelligence, when you also think that thinking is what they do. Second, situated cognition is an umbrella term for a set of empirically supported rejoinders to the information-processing model that are linked by family resemblances. It covers theoretical positions describing cognition as embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive, and also dynamical, distributed, and affective. These positions share a view of cognition as emerging in situ from the interaction with the body and the environment. Rather than swallowing the autonomous, internal symbol-processing approach, situated cognition argues that neither physical nor sociocultural aspects can be factored out when studying mental processes.
Research Interests: Translation Studies, Distributed Cognition, Situated Cognition, Embodied Cognition, Social Cognition, and 15 moreMachine Translation, Translation theory, Interpreting Studies, Cognitive Linguistics, Interpreting, Translation and Interpretation, Translation, Audiovisual Translation, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Writing Processes, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), TIS cognitive translatology, Translation and Interpreting Studies, and Embodied and Enactive Cognition
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an... more
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an alternative to traditional views on the interface between brain, mind and diverse forms of multilectal mediated communication. One decade after the original presentation of the CT framework, this article aims to clarify and update the notions introduced there. First, the article elaborates on prerequisite concepts such as inter-textuality, meaning, language, and communication from cognitive translatological perspectives. Second, it reviews the nature of translations and translating and presents a précis on CT's disciplinary basics, such as the object of study, research methods and future directions. Altogether, we hope to contribute to dispelling misunderstandings and answer some recurrent questions on the theoretical edifice of Cognitive Translatology.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Philosophy of Mind, Translation Studies, Situated Cognition, and 15 morePsycholinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, AVT (Translation Studies), Cognitive Neuroscience, Translation, Bilingualism and cognition, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Human Communication, Writing Processes, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Translation and Interpreting Studies, Translation Process Research, Post editing, and Linguistics. Philosophy. Cognitive Sciences. Languages: Italian
Self-archived postprint available at http://amsacta.unibo.it/id/eprint/6704 Empirical study on the usability for translation trainees of neural machine translation systems when post-editing (mtpe). Sixty Chinese translation trainees... more
Self-archived postprint available at http://amsacta.unibo.it/id/eprint/6704
Empirical study on the usability for translation trainees of neural machine translation systems when post-editing (mtpe). Sixty Chinese translation trainees completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of mtpe's usability. Fifty of them later performed both a post-editing task and a regular translation task, designed to examine mtpe's usability by comparing their performance in terms of text processing speed, effort, and translation quality. Contrasting data collected by the questionnaire, keylogging, eyetracking and retrospective reports we found that, compared with regular, unaided translation, mtpe's usefulness in performance was remarkable: (1) it increased translation trainees' text processing speed and also improved their translation quality; (2) mtpe's ease of use in performance was partly proved in that it significantly reduced informants' effort as measured by (a) fixation duration and fixation counts; (b) total task time; and (c) the number of insertion keystrokes and total keystrokes. However, (3) translation trainees generally perceived mtpe to be useful to increase productivity, but they were skeptical about its use to improve quality. They were neutral towards the ease of use of mtpe.
Empirical study on the usability for translation trainees of neural machine translation systems when post-editing (mtpe). Sixty Chinese translation trainees completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of mtpe's usability. Fifty of them later performed both a post-editing task and a regular translation task, designed to examine mtpe's usability by comparing their performance in terms of text processing speed, effort, and translation quality. Contrasting data collected by the questionnaire, keylogging, eyetracking and retrospective reports we found that, compared with regular, unaided translation, mtpe's usefulness in performance was remarkable: (1) it increased translation trainees' text processing speed and also improved their translation quality; (2) mtpe's ease of use in performance was partly proved in that it significantly reduced informants' effort as measured by (a) fixation duration and fixation counts; (b) total task time; and (c) the number of insertion keystrokes and total keystrokes. However, (3) translation trainees generally perceived mtpe to be useful to increase productivity, but they were skeptical about its use to improve quality. They were neutral towards the ease of use of mtpe.
Research Interests: Human Computer Interaction, Translation Studies, Usability, Eye tracking, Cognitive Ergonomics, and 12 moreCognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Translation Quality Assessment, Effort, UX, reading, eyetracking, Text Processing, Task analysis, Cognitive ergonomics in translation, Keystroke logging, Post editing, Computer Assisted Translation, and Neural Machine Translation
Brief introduction to the PhD dissertation of Prof María Jesús Blasco Mayor on oral comprehension training and its impact on the development of expertise in interpreting trainees.
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This is the English original of an unprepared interview in Chongqing, China, on 9 November 2019. Text edited only for oral features. Translated into Chinese by the interviewer, Dr Wang Junsong, and published in the Chinese journal 外语研究... more
This is the English original of an unprepared interview in Chongqing, China, on 9 November 2019. Text edited only for oral features. Translated into Chinese by the interviewer, Dr Wang Junsong, and published in the Chinese journal 外语研究 (Foreign Languages Research) # 185 (1), pp. 97-108
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Since the 1960S, scholars from different disciplines have been interested in translators and interpreters’ mental activities. From the process-oriented branch of Holmes's (1972/1988) Descriptive Translation Studies through process... more
Since the 1960S, scholars from different disciplines have been interested in translators and interpreters’ mental activities. From the process-oriented branch of Holmes's (1972/1988) Descriptive Translation Studies through process studies, this disciplinary area has grown and widened to become Cognitive Translation Studies, which comprises competing approaches and several research domains. Common to all of the approaches is the basic assumption that translation is inherently a complex cognitive activity involving not only linguistic structures, but also other skills, knowledge, and abilities.
This special issue of Linguistica Antverpiensia TTS is offers a panoramic view on current research and thought on theoretical frameworks and empirical research methods in Cognitive Translation Studies.
This special issue of Linguistica Antverpiensia TTS is offers a panoramic view on current research and thought on theoretical frameworks and empirical research methods in Cognitive Translation Studies.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Bilingualism & the brain, Interpreting Studies, and 10 moreCognitive Linguistics, AVT (Translation Studies), Translation, Cognitive Translatology, Cognitive Psycholinguistics, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), TIS cognitive translatology, Translation and Interpreting Studies, Translation Process Research, and Sign Language Translation and Interpreting Studies
Several indicators seem to suggest that, through nearly six decades of development, Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS) may be taking shape as an autonomous field of study. The main challenges ahead seem to be building sounder theoretical... more
Several indicators seem to suggest that, through nearly six decades of development, Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS) may be taking shape as an autonomous field of study. The main challenges ahead seem to be building sounder theoretical models and carrying out more rigorous methodological scrutiny. These two strands converge as central themes in the 11 contributions to this special issue of LANS-TTS. To provide a context for theoretical modelling and to frame critical discussions of the methods included in this volume, we first trace the present landscape of CTS and how it evolved so as to test Holmes’ criteria for disciplines: founding new channels of communication and sharing a “disciplinary utopia”. The contributions are arranged into four thematic categories as applied to CTS, namely, scientometrics, framing or reframing our field, the reliability and validity of popular research methods, and new methods or novel approaches. This article closes with a call to reflect on some fundamental issues on the next steps of humankind regarding communication, with ever-growing societal demands and expectations that call for refreshing our notions of translation in the context of increasingly diversified forms of multilectal mediated communication.
Research Interests: Communication, Translation Studies, Bilingualism & the brain, Psycholinguistics, Interpreting Studies, and 8 moreTranslation, Cognitive Translatology, Translation and Interpreting, Cognitive Psycholinguistics, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Translation and Interpreting Studies, Translation Process Research, and Translator and Interpreter Training
This collection provides a snapshot of cutting-edge research in the rapidly developing area of cognitive approaches to multilingual mediated communication. The chapters cover important trends in current work, including: the increasing... more
This collection provides a snapshot of cutting-edge research in the rapidly developing area of cognitive approaches to multilingual mediated communication. The chapters cover important trends in current work, including: the increasing interaction between translation and interpreting research, the emergence of neuroscientific theories and methods, the role of emotion in translation processes, and the impact of cognitive aptitudes on translation performance.
Exploring the interface with neighbouring research areas such as bilingualism, reading, and cognitive psychology, the book presents a variety of theoretical frameworks and constructs to support empirical research and theoretical development. The authors address new research areas, such as emotions and multisensory integration; apply new research constructs, such as eye-voice span; and expand the scope of cognitive translation studies to include agents other than the mediator.
Documenting the growth in breadth and depth within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) over the past decade, this is essential reading for all advanced students and researchers needing an up-to-date overview of cognitive translation and interpreting studies.
Exploring the interface with neighbouring research areas such as bilingualism, reading, and cognitive psychology, the book presents a variety of theoretical frameworks and constructs to support empirical research and theoretical development. The authors address new research areas, such as emotions and multisensory integration; apply new research constructs, such as eye-voice span; and expand the scope of cognitive translation studies to include agents other than the mediator.
Documenting the growth in breadth and depth within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) over the past decade, this is essential reading for all advanced students and researchers needing an up-to-date overview of cognitive translation and interpreting studies.
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The IATIS Yearbook series has been published since 2005 and offers an annual collection of papers representing state-of-the-art work within a selected area of translation and interpreting studies. The selection of the field or thematic... more
The IATIS Yearbook series has been published since 2005 and offers an annual collection of papers representing state-of-the-art work within a selected area of translation and interpreting studies. The selection of the field or thematic focus may be interpreted as indicative of a certain level of activity, interest, and depth. Indeed, the notions of translation and interpreting have always had fuzzy borders. These borders have been expressed in several ways, for example, as the distinctions between translations and versions or adaptations, translating and revising (or translating with revising), intralingual and interlingual translation, and sight translating and sight interpreting. The times may indeed be a-changin’, but it would be a mistake to conclude that our object of study has experienced a broad, universal, and fundamental change as well. In spite of important consequences of the technological revolution, perhaps the most common MMC event is still that of a teenager interpreting for a relative in an everyday scenario in an Asian country.
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An overview of the main developments in the field of cognitive science since its emergence in the mid-1950s along with, and in parallel to, the evolution of Cognitive Translation Studies from its disciplinary origins in the Leipzig... more
An overview of the main developments in the field of cognitive science since its emergence in the mid-1950s along with, and in parallel to, the evolution of Cognitive Translation Studies from its disciplinary origins in the Leipzig school. The distinction between “micro-” and “macrocognition” is used as a topical thread in order to critically discuss some theoretical and methodological approaches, such as the models used to understand cognition and the locus where it is approached, the situatedness and distributedness of cognitive processes, their relation with emotions, and the compatibility of ethnographic studies and laboratory research.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Philosophy of Mind, Translation Studies, Theories of Meaning, Situated Cognition, and 10 moreEmbodied Cognition, Psycholinguistics, Interpreting Studies, Meaning, Cognitive Linguistics, Translation, Natural Languages Processing/Machine Translation, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Translation Process Research, and Cognitive Translation Processes
Two pause thresholds were tested, aimed at chunking the translation task workflow into task segments and classifying pauses into different kinds. Pauses below 200 ms were dubbed delays and excluded. An upper threshold at 3 × median pause... more
Two pause thresholds were tested, aimed at chunking the translation task workflow into task segments and classifying pauses into different kinds. Pauses below 200 ms were dubbed delays and excluded. An upper threshold at 3 × median pause between words was hypothesized (H1) to capture more translation problems than 3 s pauses, but also to flag other cognitive processes. A lower threshold at 2 × median pause within words was used to classify pauses into short pauses (between 200 ms and the lower threshold), mid pauses (between thresholds) and long pauses (above the upper threshold). Such mid pauses were hypothesized (H2) to mainly hint at different cognitive phenomena. Short pauses were assumed to hint at mechanical and strategic behaviors related to keyboarding, although this is not tested here. Finally, empty task segments (no new text or changes in existing copy) were hypothesized (H3) to be strategically distributed for planning and prospective reading. Results confirmed hypotheses 1 and 2 and partially supported hypothesis 3. Some unexpected findings point to the need of further research into the nature of task segments, understood as chunks of the action, rather than text excerpts.
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The Monitor Model fosters a view of translating where two mind modes stand out and alternate when trying to render originals word-byword by default: shallow, uneventful processing vs problem solving. Research may have been biased towards... more
The Monitor Model fosters a view of translating where two mind modes stand out and alternate when trying to render originals word-byword by default: shallow, uneventful processing vs problem solving. Research may have been biased towards problem solving, often operationalized with a pause of, or above, 3 seconds. This project analyzed 16 translation log files by four informants from four originals. A baseline minimal pause of 200 ms was instrumental to calculate two individual thresholds for each log file: (a) A low one – 1.5 times the median pause within words – and (b) a high one – 3 times the median pause between words. Pauses were then characterized as short (between 200 ms and the lower threshold), mid, and long (above the higher threshold, chunking the recorded activities in the translation task into task segments), and assumed to respond to different causes. Weak correlations between short, mid and long pauses were found, hinting at possible different cognitive processes. Inferred processes did not fall neatly into categories depending on the length of possibly associated pauses. Mid pauses occurred more often than long pauses between sentences and paragraphs, and they also more often flanked information searches and even problem-solving instances. Chains of proximal mid pauses marked cases of potential hesitations. Task segments tended to happen within 4–8 minute cycles, nested in a possible initial phase for contextualization, followed by long periods of sustained attention. We found no evidence for problem-solving thresholds, and no trace of behavior supporting the Monitor Model.
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Research Interests: Translation Studies, Semantics, Cognitive Semantics, Machine Translation, Translation theory, and 8 morePsycholinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Translation and Interpretation, Translation, Translation and Interpreting, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), and Translation and Interpreting Studies
In John W. Schwieter & Aline Ferreira, eds. The Handbook of Translation and Cognition, pp.555-571. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell
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In a recent article, Chesterman (2013) elaborates on Toury’s (2012) distinction between ‘translation acts’ (cognitive process) and ‘translation events’ (sociological process), and adds a third, superordinate level of ‘translation... more
In a recent article, Chesterman (2013) elaborates on Toury’s (2012) distinction between ‘translation acts’ (cognitive process) and ‘translation events’ (sociological process), and adds a third, superordinate level of ‘translation practices’ (cultural, historical, anthropological). Such successively nested models seem intuitively correct when applied to categorizing different approaches within translation studies. However, when used within cognitive and psycholinguistic approaches, such categories are found to lead to flawed reasoning. When Chesterman’s proposal is considered from perspectives such as the level of abstraction and the dynamicity of the models, many examples provided as illustration turn out to be misleading. The bulk of such errors points to an implicit notion of cognition which is contested by a growing number of researchers within translation process research: a view of thought as an internal, neutral, and logical brain process, mainly focused on problem-solving.
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Reembedding Translation Process Research is a rich collection of empirical research papers investigating important new facets of the relationship between translation and cognition. The common thread running through the collection is the... more
Reembedding Translation Process Research is a rich collection of empirical research papers investigating important new facets of the relationship between translation and cognition. The common thread running through the collection is the notion of “re-embedding” the acts of translating and interpreting—and the ways we understand them. That is, they all aim to re-situate these acts within what we now know about the brain, the powerful relationship of brain and body, and the complex interaction between cognition and the environment in which it is embedded. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect of the overall notion of re-embedding, thereby expanding the breadth of empirical research about translating. This book refuses Descartes' distinction between mind and brain, and reaffirms the highly dynamic, emergent, and interactive nature of cognitive processes in translation. The overarching conclusion is that translation studies should reconsider, re-embed, any model of translation processes that arises without properly accommodating the interdependence of brain, body, and environment in the emergence of cognition.
Research Interests: Translation Studies, Translation theory, Translation, Translation Process, Traductologie, and 10 moreCognitive Translatology, Traducción, Traductologie cognitive, Tradução, Übersetzung, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), TIS cognitive translatology, TIS translation, Translation Process Research, and Teoría De La Traducción
Translation process research (TPR) efforts seem at times unconcerned with the theoretical foundations they need to interpret their results. A pervasive theoretical approach within TPR has been the mind-as-computer view. This approach has... more
Translation process research (TPR) efforts seem at times unconcerned with the theoretical foundations they need to interpret their results. A pervasive theoretical approach within TPR has been the mind-as-computer view. This approach has fostered both mechanistic and functional explanations of the translation process, including semantic notions of meaning, unrealistic constructs of the mental lexicon, and reified notions of equivalence. Some consequences of the approach are illustrated with discussions in the realm of translation quality assessment (automated and combined metrics, rubrics based on error categorization, and the impact of human variables and factors) and the monitor model hypothesis and its recent developments. Alternative approaches that draw from 4EA cognition are sketched that suggest that meaning is encyclopedic; that it is a process that cannot be measured; that the mental lexicon is only an abstraction of a part of (world-) knowledge; and that the tendency to choose default translations follows from the very structure of the brain/mind and the minimax principle.
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in Holger Siever (Hg.) 2016. Translationswissenschaft in Spanien, 225-237 (Innovation in Didaktik, Theorie und Praxis von Sprache und Translation). München: AVM. ISBN 978-3-96135-000-1
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Intro for the Special issue 3(2) of connexions • international professional communication journal (ISSN 2325-6044)
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Special Issue 1 of the journal MonTI, devoted to the empirical research of cognitive aspects translation and interpreting processes
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Outline of the evolution from process studies to translation process research, and from there to cognitive translation studies
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"This introductory chapter outlines the prominent role of expertise research in the development of Translation Studies and discusses the nature of a situated translation and interpreting expertise (STIE) within cognitive, empirical... more
"This introductory chapter outlines the prominent role of expertise research in the development of Translation Studies and discusses the nature of a situated translation and interpreting expertise (STIE) within cognitive, empirical approaches to translation and interpreting. STIE is envisioned as a multidimensional research construct where behaviors such as chuchotage, fansubbing, conference interpreting, literary translation, localization and the like may be described in terms of different demands in subsets of a fuzzy set of skills. Defining a specified set of representative translation and interpreting tasks seems to be a precondition to predicate existence of STIE, let alone degrees thereof.
A three-layer taxonomy is proposed, focusing on task models, component subtasks, and cognitive processes. Finally, a construct for STIE is sketched, with five overlapping and interacting dimensions, envisioned as scopes onto a single but complex mental experience. The five dimensions are knowledge, adaptive psychophysiological traits, regulatory skills, problem-solving skills, and the self-concept. The self-concept dimension is then used to illustrate how construct dimensions might be operationalized through several intermediary sub-constructs, in this case into the minimal sub-dimensions of self awareness, situation awareness, and self-efficacy."
A three-layer taxonomy is proposed, focusing on task models, component subtasks, and cognitive processes. Finally, a construct for STIE is sketched, with five overlapping and interacting dimensions, envisioned as scopes onto a single but complex mental experience. The five dimensions are knowledge, adaptive psychophysiological traits, regulatory skills, problem-solving skills, and the self-concept. The self-concept dimension is then used to illustrate how construct dimensions might be operationalized through several intermediary sub-constructs, in this case into the minimal sub-dimensions of self awareness, situation awareness, and self-efficacy."
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This article offers an overview of some advances in cognitive and psycholinguistic approaches to translation and interpreting process research between 2006 and 2013, in order to provide context to the contributions to this volume. It... more
This article offers an overview of some advances in cognitive and psycholinguistic approaches to translation and interpreting process research between 2006 and 2013, in order to provide context to the contributions to this volume. It provides some figures on publications and initiatives and then focuses on competence and expertise; writing; mental load and linguistic complexity; advances in research methods; revision and metacognition; cognition beyond conscious, rational thought; and recontextualized empirical research. The article closes with some notes on the overall tendencies in the area, in the sample of contributions, and in publishing.
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Este artículo brinda un panorama de los avances en las investigaciones sobre los procesos de traducción e interpretación desde enfoques cognitivos y psicolingüísticos entre 2006 y 2013, con el fin de contextualizar las restantes... more
Este artículo brinda un panorama de los avances en las investigaciones sobre los procesos de traducción e interpretación desde enfoques cognitivos y psicolingüísticos entre 2006 y 2013, con el fin de contextualizar las restantes contribuciones a este monográfico. Ofrece algunas cifras sobre publicaciones e iniciativas y luego se centra en la competencia y la pericia, la redacción, la carga mental y la complejidad lingüística, los avances en los métodos de investigación, la revisión y la metacognición, la cognición más allá del pensamiento racional y consciente, y la recontextualización de la investigación empírica. Para concluir se ofrecen algunas notas sobre las tendencias generales en el área, en las publicaciones de la muestra y en el campo de la edición académica.
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A discussion on the interaction of Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Translatology, illustrated through applications of prototype semantics; conceptual metaphor theory; frame semantics; translation universals and dimensions in... more
A discussion on the interaction of Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Translatology, illustrated through applications of prototype semantics; conceptual metaphor theory; frame semantics; translation universals and dimensions in Langacker’s construals; Gile’s gravitational model of linguistic availability, translationese, and Talmy’s factors for linguistic saliency.
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Mental load is an important construct in reading, writing, bilingualism, and multitasking research. It is also an implicit concept in most accounts of both translators' mental processes and expertise, where it is often related to... more
Mental load is an important construct in reading, writing, bilingualism, and multitasking research. It is also an implicit concept in most accounts of both translators' mental processes and expertise, where it is often related to controlled and automated processes, which are interrelated. TPR projects tend to equate problem solving with controlled processing, but problem solving is not fully conscious or analytic and TPR should consider many other factors and the translation event as a whole. On the other hand, automated processes seem to comprise several phenomena, such as the optimization of the bilingual mental lexicon, the proceduralization of translation routines, and the development or translation-specific monitoring and evaluative processes and coping tactics. Many of the coping tactics translators develop are epistemic actions that deserve further study. Focusing on mental load in TPR may foster both theoretical and empirical efforts and also establish a bridge with interpreting research.
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Most human beings can be said to have attained a certain degree of bilingualism, and many of them are able to naturally translate simple language samples. From a cognitive perspective, translating seems an extension of monolingual... more
Most human beings can be said to have attained a certain degree of bilingualism, and many of them are able to naturally translate simple language samples. From a cognitive perspective, translating seems an extension of monolingual linguistic and communicative abilities. Multiple perspectivization and paraphrasing, which are sustained by human, possibly innate capabilities such as abstracting and comparing, seem to be the basic features which allow people to translate. Fostered by the acquisition of literacy, bilinguals develop their metalinguistic awareness beyond usual levels, and in such a way that it has an impact on their cognitive development. This, in turn, improves their performance and results when translating or interpreting in tasks such as language brokering and other forms of paraprofessional translating. On the other hand, expert interpreting and translating tends to demand further cognitive adaptations to successfully perform professional tasks that natural translators have not developed. This perspective may shed light on some possibilities to improve the formal training of translators and interpreters.
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Se puede decir que la mayoría de los seres humanos goza de un cierto grado de bilingüismo, y que muchos pueden traducir de forma natural muestras sencillas de lenguaje. Desde una perspectiva cognitiva, traducir parece una extensión de las... more
Se puede decir que la mayoría de los seres humanos goza de un cierto grado de bilingüismo, y que muchos pueden traducir de forma natural muestras sencillas de lenguaje. Desde una perspectiva cognitiva, traducir parece una extensión de las habilidades lingüísticas y comunicativas monolingües. La capacidad de contemplar a un tiempo varias perspectivas y la de parafrasear parecen las características básicas que permiten traducir a las personas, y se sustentan en capacidades humanas posiblemente innatas, como la abstracción y la comparación. Espoleados por la alfabetización, los bilingües desarrollan su conciencia metalingüística más allá de los niveles habituales, y de una manera tal que tiene un impacto en su desarrollo cognitivo. Esto, a su vez, mejora su rendimiento y resultados en tareas tales como la mediación lingüística y otras formas de paratraducción. Por otra parte, devenir experto en interpretación o traducción tiende a exigir nuevas adaptaciones cognitivas para realizar con éxito las tareas profesionales que los traductores naturales no suelen haber desarrollado. Esta perspectiva puede arrojar luz sobre algunas posibilidades para mejorar la capacitación formal de traductores e intérpretes. Versión española de Laura Gasca
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Based on some common traits of situated, embodied, and distributed cognition, ten assumptions are suggested to develop a new framework for a functionalist, cognitive translatology. This framework views translating as an interpersonal... more
Based on some common traits of situated, embodied, and distributed cognition, ten assumptions are suggested to develop a new framework for a functionalist, cognitive translatology. This framework views translating as an interpersonal activity focused on creative imitation. It also adopts a developmental perspective on the empirical, ecological, and psychologically realistic study of expertise and suggests that expertise and proceduralization should be top priorities in empirical research. The framework also considers that there is an urgent need to establish experimental paradigms to foster the interplay between theory and research in cognitive translatology. The paper concludes with suggestions for establishing general research standards against which individual research projects in the field can be evaluated.
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The development in cognitive science after the information-processing paradigm is sketched with advances in psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. Cognitive translatology draws from these advances to adopt an encyclopedic view on... more
The development in cognitive science after the information-processing paradigm is sketched with advances in psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. Cognitive translatology draws from these advances to adopt an encyclopedic view on meaning and an interpersonal (rather than inter-linguistic or intercultural) view on translating, while it rejects two-phase and three-phase models of the translation process. A thorough, comprehensive revision of theoretical assumptions is claimed to be necessary to further the construction of cognitive translatology, and it is illustrated with brief discussions on the notions of deverbalization, universal semantic representation, and competence. Relevance-theoretical approaches and the overlap between second-generation cognitive science and social-constructivism in translatology are also discussed.
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Methodology is arguably an area where translation process research (TPR) could be improved, and one of the aspects in need of attention is subject profiling. A characterization of informants’ mental abilities and language skills is... more
Methodology is arguably an area where translation process research (TPR) could be improved, and one of the aspects in need of attention is subject profiling. A characterization of informants’ mental abilities and language skills is proposed by means of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) subtests. Results of a study which tested 17 subjects who also translated four texts using Translog moderately supports that applying these tests may be useful for both filtering out ‘irregular’ subjects and for ranking ‘regular’ informants according to parameters relevant for TPR. Ways to simplify, shorten and standardize test administration are also discussed.
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Talking shop in Spanish with my friend Richard Samson. Link to the Youtube video
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We are pleased and honored to welcome Sharon O'Brien on board of our journal on Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies, joining me as co editor!
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Translation Studies, Natural Language Processing, and 15 moreBilingualism & the brain, Machine Translation, Psycholinguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Writing, Interpreting Studies, Cognitive Linguistics, Eye Tracking (in reading), HCI, Cognitive Ergonomics, Cognitive Translatology, Transcreation, Translation & Interpreting Studies (TIS), Respeaking, and Post editing
Translation, Cognition & Behavior A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb Questions? Write to editor@cogtrans.net... more
Translation, Cognition & Behavior
A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín
Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve
More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb
Questions? Write to editor@cogtrans.net
Issue 1:1 out on March 2018
Papers welcome all year round
A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín
Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve
More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb
Questions? Write to editor@cogtrans.net
Issue 1:1 out on March 2018
Papers welcome all year round
Research Interests:
Transcript of the interview with Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Professor of Translation Studies and also a part-time freelance translator. The interview was conducted by Rosário Durão, via Skype, on November 14, 2014, and transcribed from the... more
Transcript of the interview with Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Professor of Translation Studies and also a part-time freelance translator. The interview was conducted by Rosário Durão, via Skype, on November 14, 2014, and transcribed from the recorded interview by Quan Zhou, connexions’ section editor.
The video recording of this interview is available on the connexions Vimeo channel at https://vimeo.com/115348382
Can
The video recording of this interview is available on the connexions Vimeo channel at https://vimeo.com/115348382
Can
Research Interests:
Interview by Ana Hermida Ruibal for the journal of the Spanish Association of Translators, Interprers and Copywriters. (ASETRAD, SPanish acronym). Also avaiable at http://www.lalinternadeltraductor.org/pdf/lalinterna_n7.pdf
Research Interests:
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an... more
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an alternative to traditional views on the interface between brain, mind and diverse forms of multilectal mediated communication. One decade after the original presentation of the CT framework, this article aims to clarify and update the notions introduced there. First, the article elaborates on prerequisite concepts such as inter-textuality, meaning, language, and communication from cognitive translatological perspectives. Second, it reviews the nature of translations and translating and presents a précis on CT's disciplinary basics, such as the object of study, research methods and future directions. Altogether, we hope to contribute to dispelling misunderstandings and answer some recurrent questions on the theoretical edifice of Cognitive Translatology.