ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 Pathways Respond to DNA Damage Induced by Movento^® 240SC and Envidor^® 240SC Keto-Enol Insecticides in the Germarium of Drosophila melanogaster

DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in keto-enol genotoxicity have not been characterized, and few studies have reported genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The present study shows that concentrations of 11.2, 22.4, 37.3 mg/L of Movento^® 240SC and 12.3, 24.6, 41.1 mg/L of Envidor^® 240SC for 72 h oral exposure induced DSBs by significantly increasing the percentage of γH2AV expression in regions 2b and 3 from the germarium of wild type females of Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R, compared to the control group (0.0 mg/L of insecticides), via confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The comparison between both insecticides' reveals that only the Envidor^® 240SC induces concentration-dependent DNA damage, as well as structural changes in the germarium. We determined that the DDR induced by Movento^® 240SC depends on the activation of the ATM^tefu, Chk1^grp and Chk2^lok kinases by significantly increasing the percentage of expression of γH2AV in regions 2b and 3 of the germarium, and that ATR^mei-29D and p53^dp53 kinases only respond at the highest concentration of 37.3 mg/L of Movento^® 240SC. With the Envidor^® 240SC insecticide, we determined that the DDR depends on the activation of the ATR^mei-29D/Chk1^grp and ATM^tefu/Chk2^lok kinases, and p53^dp53 by significantly increasing the percentage of expression of γH2AV in the germarium.