Abstract
Invasions are a common occurrence in many ecosystems but predicting the establishment and impacts of the invader can be difficult. Understanding how and why invasion progresses can improve efforts to prevent spread and mitigate invasion impacts. Recent efforts have sought to design forecasting methods to identify the environmental context of invasions to help identify areas vulnerable to future invasions. We suggest there are predictable environmental characteristics that affect the probability of successful establishment of invasive species. Specifically, we hypothesize that degraded habitat and water quality facilitate successful invasion, as indicated by high abundances of the invader, due to multiple interacting stressors in the invaded ecosystem. To test this hypothesis, we assessed seven rivers in a temperate region of North America undergoing round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion via fish surveys, water quality assessments, and land cover analyses over three years (2015–2017). Mixed effect random forest models were used to identify commonalities among biotic, physical, chemical, and landscape parameters associated with the relative abundance of round goby among fish assemblages. Low dissolved oxygen and lower proportions of wetland and wetted area land cover in the riparian corridors were associated with highly invaded sites. Results were consistent with prior works suggesting identification of sites with diminished riparian integrity and water quality may help prioritize stream reaches for monitoring to aid in early detection.
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Acknowledgements
We thank T.E. Dowling, D.M. Kashian, R.H. Podolsky, and T.J. Krabbenhoft for comments on the manuscript. E.S. Rutherford provided guidance on analyses. A. Wicks assisted in design and completion of field work for this project. R. Roose, B. Dodd, M. Bowman, J. Schomer, and several other WSU students assisted field sampling. We thank T. Newcomb, T. Goniea and K. Wehrly, from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for providing fish survey data. Many thanks to the Friends of the Rouge, particularly S. Petrella, R. Muller, and P. Kukulski. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose detailed comments improved the quality of this manuscript. All fish collections were conducted under scientific collector permits obtained from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and with institutionally approved protocols through WSU IACUC protocol #A 04-03-15. This publication is a result of work sponsored by Michigan Sea Grant College Program, R/CGLH-8, under Federal Grant No. NA14OAR4170070 from National Sea Grant, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, with funds from the State of Michigan. The International Association for Great Lakes Research and the Society for Freshwater Science contributed support through the Norman S. Baldwin Fishery Science Scholarship and the Graduate Student Conservation Research Award, respectively.
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This publication is a result of work sponsored by Michigan Sea Grant College Program, R/CGLH-8, under Federal Grant No. NA14OAR4170070 from National Sea Grant, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, with funds from the State of Michigan. The International Association for Great Lakes Research and the Society for Freshwater Science contributed support through the Norman S. Baldwin Fishery Science Scholarship and the Graduate Student Conservation Research Award, respectively.
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CAK and DRK conceived the study. CAK obtained funding through fellowships, conducted field and laboratory work, performed data analyses, and wrote the manuscript. DRK conducted field work, obtained funding for supplies, and provided revisions to the manuscript. Both authors contributed to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.
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Krabbenhoft, C.A., Kashian, D.R. Invasion success of a freshwater fish corresponds to low dissolved oxygen and diminished riparian integrity. Biol Invasions 24, 3049–3063 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02827-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02827-1